场景:有三台服务器SQLNode131,SQLNode132 ,SQLNode133:
1) 三台服务器加入域DCDemo.com
2) 三台服务器使用端口访问数据库
3) 三台服务器构建故障转移群集SQLNode02
4) 三台服务器构建高可用性组AGNode134
5) SQLNode12和SQLNode22实现自动故障转移
目标:实现对SQLNode12和SQLNode22的只读请求转移
SQLNode131的IP:192.168.25.131
SQLNode132的IP:192.168.25.132
AGNode134的IP:192.168.25.134
只读路由配置
--=====================--只读路由配置USE masterGOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode131' WITH( SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = READ_ONLY));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode131' WITH( SECONDARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_URL = N'TCP://192.168.25.131:1433'));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode132' WITH( SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = READ_ONLY));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode132' WITH( SECONDARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_URL = N'TCP://192.168.25.132:1433'));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode131' WITH( PRIMARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_LIST=('SQLNode132','SQLNode131')));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode132' WITH( PRIMARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_LIST=('SQLNode131','SQLNode132')));GO
只读路由验证:
SELECTg.name AS AGName,ar1.replica_server_name AS ReplicaServerName,ar2.replica_server_name AS RountingReplicaServerName,ar1.endpoint_url AS ReplicaServerURL,ar2.endpoint_url AS RountingReplicaServerURLFROM sys.availability_read_only_routing_lists rlINNER JOIN sys.availability_replicas ar1 ON ar1.replica_id=rl.replica_idINNER JOIN sys.availability_replicas ar2 ON ar2.replica_id=rl.read_only_replica_idINNER JOIN sys.availability_groups g ON ar1.group_id=g.group_idWHERE rl.routing_priority=1
删除只读路由
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode132' WITH( PRIMARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_LIST=NONE));GOALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AGNode134]MODIFY REPLICA ON N'SQLNode131' WITH( PRIMARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_LIST=NONE));GO
使用:
MSDN指明可使用.NET Framework4.0.2来访问,但是.NET 4正式发布版本为.0.3,经过测试,该功能在.NET4.5 S上可正常运行,连接串为
Server=tcp:192.168.25.123,1433;Database=DB1;ApplicationIntent=ReadOnly;MultiSubnetFailover=True;User Id=sa;Password=password;
ApplicationIntent 有两种配置值:Readonly 和ReadWrite,ApplicationIntent并不限制请求的操作,只是表明该连接上应该发生的操作。
对于配置了只读路由的请求,每次请求会首先转发到主副本,通过主副本获取到可用的副本,依次遍历找到一个可以处理只读请求的辅助副本,并将该请求转发给该辅助副本。
在辅助副本上执行查询时,Alwayson采用行版本来消除数据库上的阻塞问题,所有查询都会自动运行在快照隔离级别,即使显示设置其他隔离级别或锁提示。快照隔离级别虽然避免在数据上加S锁,但仍会对对象加Sch-S锁,Sch-S锁会阻塞DDL语句。
由于无法在辅助副本上单独建立索引,因此为提升查询性能,需先在主副本上建立索引,这会导致在索引维护是同步大量索引整理数据
将辅助副本设置为可读时,需要考虑查询时所消耗的temp空间(临时统计和快照隔离级别的行版本信息)